> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.superquran.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Knowledge Graph Schema

> Understanding the structure of the Quran Knowledge Graph

# Quran Knowledge Graph Schema

The schema of the Quran Knowledge Graph defines how different types of information are structured and connected. This page explains the schema in both non-technical and technical terms.

## Schema Overview

<img className="block" src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/quranlabs/images/schema-overview.png" alt="Schema overview diagram" />

The Quran Knowledge Graph contains several types of nodes (entities) and relationships that connect them. This structure allows for rich, interconnected representation of the Quranic text and related knowledge.

## Node Types (Entities)

### Surah (Chapter)

Surahs are the 114 chapters of the Quran.

**Properties include:**

* Surah number (1-114)
* Name in Arabic and English
* Revelation place (Mecca or Medina)
* Revelation order
* Number of verses
* Brief description

### Verse

Verses (ayat) are the individual units of revelation within each surah.

**Properties include:**

* Verse key (e.g., "2:255" for Surah 2, Verse 255)
* Arabic text (Uthmani script)
* Position information (juz, hizb, ruku)
* Revelation context
* Sajdah indication (whether prostration is recommended)
* Vector embedding (for semantic search)

### Word

Words are the individual Arabic words within each verse.

**Properties include:**

* Arabic text
* Position in verse
* Grammatical information (part of speech, gender, number)
* Vector embedding

### Root Word

Root words are the linguistic roots from which Arabic words are derived.

**Properties include:**

* Arabic text (typically three consonants)
* Basic meaning
* Derived forms

### Topic

Topics represent thematic elements addressed in the Quran.

**Properties include:**

* Name
* Description
* Related concepts
* Vector embedding

### Tafsir

Tafsir entries are scholarly interpretations of verses.

**Properties include:**

* Author/source
* Text
* Time period
* Methodology (e.g., linguistic, legal, spiritual)

### Translation

Translations are verse renderings in different languages.

**Properties include:**

* Language
* Translator
* Text
* Year
* Approach (literal vs. interpretive)

## Relationship Types

### CONTAINS

Connects a container to what it contains:

* Surah CONTAINS Verse
* Verse CONTAINS Word

### HAS\_ROOT

Connects a word to its linguistic root:

* Word HAS\_ROOT RootWord

### ADDRESSES\_TOPIC

Connects a verse to topics it addresses:

* Verse ADDRESSES\_TOPIC Topic
* With properties like relevance score

### HAS\_TAFSIR

Connects a verse to its interpretations:

* Verse HAS\_TAFSIR Tafsir

### HAS\_TRANSLATION

Connects a verse to its translations:

* Verse HAS\_TRANSLATION Translation

### SIMILAR\_TO

Connects semantically similar verses:

* Verse SIMILAR\_TO Verse
* With properties like similarity score and similarity type

### REFERENCES

Connects verses that reference each other:

* Verse REFERENCES Verse
* With properties like reference type

## Schema Visualization

<img className="block" src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/quranlabs/images/schema-detailed.png" alt="Detailed schema diagram" />

## Non-Technical Explanation

Think of the schema as a blueprint for how information is organized:

* **Surahs** are like books containing **verses**
* **Verses** contain **words**, which come from **root words**
* **Verses** address various **topics**
* **Scholars** provide **interpretations** (tafsir) of verses
* **Translators** create **translations** of verses in different languages
* Some verses are **similar to** or **reference** other verses

This organization allows you to navigate the Quran in many ways:

* Follow the traditional chapter and verse structure
* Explore by topic or theme
* Trace linguistic connections through root words
* Compare different interpretations and translations
* Discover verses with similar meanings

## Technical Details

For developers and technical users, here's the graph schema definition in Cypher:

```cypher theme={null}
// Node definitions
CREATE NODE TABLE Surah (
  surah_number INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  name_arabic TEXT,
  name_english TEXT,
  revelation_place TEXT,
  revelation_order INTEGER,
  verse_count INTEGER,
  description TEXT
);

CREATE NODE TABLE Verse (
  verse_key TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
  surah_number INTEGER,
  verse_number INTEGER,
  text_uthmani TEXT,
  text_simple TEXT,
  juz INTEGER,
  hizb INTEGER,
  ruku INTEGER,
  sajdah BOOLEAN,
  embedding VECTOR<FLOAT, 768>,
  FOREIGN KEY (surah_number) REFERENCES Surah(surah_number)
);

CREATE NODE TABLE Word (
  word_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  verse_key TEXT,
  position INTEGER,
  text_uthmani TEXT,
  text_simple TEXT,
  part_of_speech TEXT,
  embedding VECTOR<FLOAT, 768>,
  FOREIGN KEY (verse_key) REFERENCES Verse(verse_key)
);

CREATE NODE TABLE RootWord (
  root_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  text_arabic TEXT,
  meaning_english TEXT
);

CREATE NODE TABLE Topic (
  topic_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  name TEXT,
  description TEXT,
  embedding VECTOR<FLOAT, 768>
);

CREATE NODE TABLE Tafsir (
  tafsir_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  verse_key TEXT,
  author TEXT,
  text TEXT,
  FOREIGN KEY (verse_key) REFERENCES Verse(verse_key)
);

CREATE NODE TABLE Translation (
  translation_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
  verse_key TEXT,
  language TEXT,
  translator TEXT,
  text TEXT,
  FOREIGN KEY (verse_key) REFERENCES Verse(verse_key)
);

// Relationship definitions
CREATE REL TABLE CONTAINS (
  FROM Surah TO Verse,
  order_index INTEGER
);

CREATE REL TABLE HAS_WORD (
  FROM Verse TO Word,
  position INTEGER
);

CREATE REL TABLE HAS_ROOT (
  FROM Word TO RootWord
);

CREATE REL TABLE ADDRESSES_TOPIC (
  FROM Verse TO Topic,
  relevance FLOAT
);

CREATE REL TABLE HAS_TAFSIR (
  FROM Verse TO Tafsir,
  source TEXT
);

CREATE REL TABLE HAS_TRANSLATION (
  FROM Verse TO Translation,
  type TEXT
);

CREATE REL TABLE SIMILAR_TO (
  FROM Verse TO Verse,
  similarity_score FLOAT,
  similarity_type TEXT
);

CREATE REL TABLE REFERENCES (
  FROM Verse TO Verse,
  reference_type TEXT
);
```

## Schema Evolution

The schema evolves over time as we add new data sources and capabilities. Recent and planned additions include:

* Hadith connections to verses
* Historical context nodes
* Linguistic feature nodes (rhetorical devices, grammar patterns)
* User annotation capabilities

For more technical details about working with the schema, see the [Graph Database Implementation](/technical/graph-database) page.